![]() The most important materials for sword making are type 1, 5 and 9. There are a total of nine different main materials: 1. The first digit indicates the main material. Every one of those digits represents a special property of the steel. So now you might ask what these four-digit numbers stand four. There are a few exceptions such as the 65Mn spring steel, tool steels as well as the various custom-made steels. Most steels fit into this classification system. The numbering system was created by the Society of Automotive Engineers. The most commonly used sword steels are represented by four-digit numbers. In the following table, you can get a quick overview of the different steel types that will be covered during the course of this article.Ĭ 0.7%, Mn 0.6%, Cr 1%, Mo < 0.5%, Ni 1.6%, V 0.25%Ĭ 0.5%, Mn 0.7%, Cr 3%, Mo 1.5%, Si 0.75%, V < 0.35% If the blade is longer than 30 cm (12 in) the grain boundaries between the chromium and the rest of the steel start to weaken, thus creating stress points. Those swords merely serve as decoration! As stainless steel has a very high quantity of Chromium the swords break very easy. Foremost when considering buying battle-ready swords watch out for stainless steel. Now let’s move on to the different types of sword steels. Swords that weren’t clay tempered but have a hamon line nonetheless got treated with a special liquid. Keep in mind that only clay tempered swords have a natural hamon line. This line was produced by the clay tempering and separates the different hardness levels of the steel. One side-effect of clay tempering is the temper line, often referred to as “hamon line”. Hence the softer spine of the sword absorbs the shock of a cutting blow better and allows the sword to flex instead of breaking. When quenching the blade the part not covered in clay cools faster and becomes very hard, while the spine cools slower and remains relatively soft and flexible. This way the spine of the sword doesn’t heat up as much as the rest of the blade. In this process also called “clay tempering” clay is applied to the spine of the sword. Mono hardening is when the entire blade is heated to the same temperature and cooled all at once.ĭifferentially tempering a sword is done by applying clay to parts of the blade. Either a sword is mono hardened or differentially hardened. There are two different types of sword tempering. This way you will end up with a harder sword. When the sword reaches the looked-for temper, it is rapidly quenched into water or oil to cool the blade. The exact temperature depends on the desired result and the steel used. Tempering a sword requires a lot of heat. Furthermore, it gives the sword a little more flexibility, so it bends rather than breaks. The heat-treatment process makes the sword harder. Tempering swords is the most important part of making a fully functional, battle-ready sword. ![]() In the sword forging process heat treatment is one of the last steps required to finish the sword.
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